1.Bubble: chodabwitsa kuti thovu kupanga padziko sintered mbali chifukwa cha chiwawa kutulutsa mpweya.Chomwe chimatchedwanso blister, ndi vuto lopaka utoto.Chifukwa permeability osauka ndi kukana madzi a ❖ kuyanika filimu zosungunulira ofotokoza utoto, pa kunja ukalamba ndondomeko, chifukwa cha chikoka cha mvula kapena kunyowa chilengedwe, pali madzi seeping pansi ❖ kuyanika filimu, ndipo pambuyo vaporization, ndi impermeable ndi madzi ofewa ❖ kuyanika filimu ukusefukira, kupanga thovu.Chinyezi cha pamwamba chimakhala chochuluka, chinyezi chozungulira chimakhala chokwera kwambiri, kutentha kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, putty ndi yosasindikizidwa bwino, ndipo nthawi yapakati pa zigawo sizokwanira.
2.Pinhole: Pambuyo pa filimu yophimba yowuma, pamwamba pa fyuluta ya utoto idzapanga pinhole, yomwe imakhala ngati ma pores a chikopa.Chilemachi chimatchedwa pinhole.Pakumanga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, zosungunulira ndi mpweya zidzasungunuka mwachangu ndikuthawa mufilimu yonyowa, yomwe ipanga dzenje laling'ono.Panthawiyi, filimu yonyowa ilibe madzi okwanira, omwe sangathe kukweza dzenje laling'ono, ndikusiya dzenje looneka ngati singano.Pakakhala madzi pang'ono mu utoto kapena zosungunulira, ma pinholes amatha kuchitika.The diluent ayenera mosamalitsa anasankha kuteteza madzi ndi sundries zina kusakaniza, ndi mamasukidwe mamasukidwe akayendedwe azilamuliridwa pa nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kapena kupewa maonekedwe a pinholes.Koma ngati ndi vuto la pinhole la utoto wotengera madzi, ndiye lidzakhala vuto lachidule.
Chotsitsacho chimawonjezedwa pang'ono kwambiri, kukhuthala kwa fyuluta ya utoto ndi yayikulu kwambiri, zokutira ndi zokhuthala kwambiri, nthawi yotalikirana pakati pa zigawo sikokwanira, nthawi yokhazikika pambuyo poti utoto usungunuke sikokwanira, ndipo chosungunulira chimasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono.
3.Pelleting: malo omangapo opopera zosefera siwoyera, chogwirira ntchito chimakhala ndi mafuta, madzi ndi fumbi, zonyansa zomwe zimasakanizidwa mu zokutira sizimasefedwa, zida zojambulira ndi zotengera sizoyera, utoto sunasakanizidwe mokwanira, ndipo nthawi yosefera ndi nthawi yoyimirira sizokwanira.
4.Shrinkage dzenje: kutsitsi fyuluta chophimba amatchedwanso dzenje.Zimatanthawuza chilema cha maenje ang'onoang'ono ozungulira pafilimu yophimba.Pambuyo kupaka utoto, filimu yonyowa imachepa panthawi yokhazikika, ndikusiya mabowo angapo a shrinkage ndi kukula kwake ndi kugawa pambuyo poyanika.Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kusamvana kwapakati pakati pa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa filimu yonyowa komanso kusayenda bwino.Itha kuthetsedwa powonjezera zida zoyenera zoyankhulirana kapena zosungunulira zamphamvu zotsika.
Chigawo chapansi chimakhala chodetsedwa, chogwiritsira ntchito chimakhala ndi mafuta, madzi ndi fumbi, ndi zina zotero. Pansi pake ndi yosalala kwambiri, kugaya sikokwanira, kutentha kwa zomangamanga kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kapena chinyezi ndipamwamba kwambiri.
5.Underbite: Pamene mukupopera chophimba cha fyuluta ndi chovala chachiwiri cha utoto, utoto womwe wangoikidwa kumene umaluma filimu yowumitsidwa kale kuchokera ku gawo lapansi.Izi zikachitika, zokutira zimakula, kusuntha, kuchepa, makwinya, kuphulika, kapena kutaya kumamatira ndikugwa.Chovala choyambirira ndi chomaliza sichikugwirizana;Kusungunuka kwa penti yomalizidwa ndi mphamvu kwambiri;Ngati choyambira sichiwuma kwathunthu, chimayambitsa "undercut".
Utoto woyambira ndi womaliza sagwirizana, nthawi yapakati pa zigawo sizokwanira, wosanjikiza wapansi siwuma, wothira madziwo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zokutira zimakhala zokhuthala nthawi imodzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-11-2023